01 - lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate yana nuna haɓakar haɓaka

Baturin lithium yana da fa'idodin ƙarami, nauyi mai sauƙi, caji mai sauri da dorewa. Ana iya ganin ta daga baturin wayar hannu da baturin mota. Daga cikin su, batirin lithium iron phosphate baturi da ternary material baturi su ne manyan rassa biyu na batirin lithium a halin yanzu.

Don buƙatun aminci, a fagen motocin fasinja da abubuwan hawa na musamman, batirin wutar lantarki na lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate tare da ƙarancin farashi, ingantacciyar fasahar samfur balagagge da aminci an yi amfani da shi a mafi girma. Batirin lithium na ternary tare da takamaiman makamashi ana amfani dashi sosai a fagen motocin fasinja. A wani sabon babin sanarwar, adadin batir phosphate na lithium iron phosphate a fagen motocin fasinja ya karu daga kasa da kashi 20% kafin zuwa kusan kashi 30%.

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan cathode da aka saba amfani da su don batir lithium-ion. Yana da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau na zafi, ƙarancin sha da ɗanshi da kyakkyawan aikin sake zagayowar caji ƙarƙashin cikakken yanayin caji. Shi ne abin da aka mayar da hankali kan bincike, samarwa da haɓakawa a fagen samar da wutar lantarki da makamashin batir lithium-ion. Koyaya, saboda ƙayyadaddun tsarin nasa, baturin lithium-ion tare da lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate a matsayin ingantaccen abu yana da ƙarancin aiki, jinkirin watsawar lithium ion, da ƙarancin fitarwa a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin nisan mitoci na farkon motocin sanye take da baturin ƙarfe phosphate na lithium, musamman a yanayin ƙarancin zafin jiki.

Don neman ci gaban nisan nisan juriya, musamman bayan manufofin tallafin sabbin motocin makamashi sun gabatar da manyan buƙatu don juriyar abin hawa, yawan kuzari, amfani da makamashi da sauran fannoni, kodayake baturin phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe ya mamaye kasuwa a baya, ternary lithium. baturi mai girma mai yawa makamashi a hankali ya zama babban jigon sabuwar kasuwar motocin fasinja makamashi. Ana iya gani daga sabuwar sanarwar cewa duk da cewa adadin batirin lithium iron phosphate a fagen motocin fasinja ya sake dawowa, adadin batirin ternary na lithium ya kai kusan kashi 70%.

02 - aminci shine babbar fa'ida

Nickel cobalt aluminum ko nickel cobalt manganese galibi ana amfani da su azaman kayan anode don batir lithium na ternary, amma babban aikin kayan ba wai kawai yana kawo yawan kuzari ba, har ma yana kawo haɗarin tsaro. Alkaluman da bai cika ba sun nuna cewa a shekarar 2019, an ambaci adadin hadarurrukan kunna wuta da kansu na sabbin motocin makamashi sau 14 fiye da na shekarar 2018, kuma kayayyaki irin su Tesla, Weilai, BAIC da Weima sun yi nasarar barkewa da kansu.

Ana iya gani daga hatsarin cewa gobarar ta fi faruwa ne a lokacin da ake yin caji, ko kuma bayan an yi caji, saboda batirin zai tashi da zafi yayin aiki na dogon lokaci. Lokacin da zafin batirin lithium na ternary ya wuce 200 ° C, ingantaccen abu yana da sauƙin ruɗewa, kuma halayen iskar shaka yana haifar da saurin gudu na thermal da tashin hankali konewa. Tsarin olivine na lithium iron phosphate yana kawo kwanciyar hankali mai zafi, kuma zafinsa na gudu ya kai 800 ° C, da ƙarancin samar da iskar gas, don haka yana da aminci. Wannan kuma shine dalilin da ya sa, bisa la'akari da aminci, sababbin motocin bas ɗin makamashi gabaɗaya suna amfani da batirin lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate, yayin da sabbin motocin bas ɗin makamashi masu amfani da batir lithium na ɗan lokaci ba su iya shiga cikin kundin sabbin motocin makamashi don haɓakawa da aikace-aikace.

Kwanan nan, motoci biyu masu amfani da wutar lantarki na Changan Auchan sun karɓi batir phosphate na lithium iron phosphate, wanda ya sha bamban da manyan kamfanonin motocin da ke mayar da hankali kan motoci. The biyu model na Changan Auchan ne SUV da MPV. Xiong zewei, mataimakin babban manajan cibiyar bincike ta Chang'an Auchan, ya shaidawa manema labarai cewa: "Wannan ya nuna cewa Auchan ya shiga zamanin wutar lantarki a hukumance bayan shekaru biyu na kokarin."

Dangane da dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da batir phosphate na lithium iron phosphate, Xiong ya ce, amincin sabbin motocin makamashi ya kasance daya daga cikin "launi mai zafi" na masu amfani, kuma kamfanoni sun fi damuwa. A la'akari da wannan, lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate baturi dauke da sabon mota ya kammala iyakar gwajin fiye da 1300 ° C harshen wuta yin burodi, - 20 ° C low zafin jiki tsaye, 3.5% gishiri bayani a tsaye, 11 kn matsa lamba na waje, da dai sauransu ., kuma sun sami "hudu ba tsoro" mafitacin baturi na "ba jin tsoron zafi, ba tsoron sanyi, ba tsoron ruwa, ba tsoron tasiri".

A cewar rahotanni, Changan Auchan x7ev sanye take da injin maganadisu na dindindin tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin 150KW, tare da juriyar nisan fiye da kilomita 405 da babban batir mai tsayi mai tsayi tare da cajin keken keke sau 3000. A yanayin zafi na al'ada, yana ɗaukar rabin sa'a kawai don haɓaka juriyar nisan mil fiye da 300. "A zahiri, saboda kasancewar tsarin dawo da makamashin birki, juriyar abin hawa na iya kaiwa kusan kilomita 420 a karkashin yanayin aikin birane." Xiong ya kara da cewa.

A cewar sabon tsarin bunkasa masana'antar makamashin motoci (2021-2035) (Draft for comments) da ma'aikatar masana'antu da fasahar sadarwa ta fitar, sabbin siyar da motocin makamashi za ta kai kusan kashi 25% nan da shekarar 2025. sabbin motocin makamashi za su ci gaba da karuwa a nan gaba. A cikin wannan mahallin, gami da Chang'an Automobile, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na gargajiya masu zaman kansu suna haɓaka shimfidar sabbin kasuwannin motocin makamashi.