01 - lithium iron phosphate yana nuna karuwar yanayi

Batirin lithium yana da fa'idodi kamar ƙaramin girma, nauyi mai sauƙi, caji mai sauri da dorewa. Ana iya ganinsa daga batirin wayar hannu da batirin mota. Daga cikinsu, batirin lithium iron phosphate da batirin kayan aiki na ternary sune manyan rassan batirin lithium guda biyu a halin yanzu.

Don buƙatun aminci, a fannin motocin fasinja da motoci na musamman, an yi amfani da batirin lithium iron phosphate mai ƙarancin farashi, fasahar samfura mafi girma da aminci a farashi mai girma. Ana amfani da batirin lithium na ternary mai ƙarfi musamman a fannin motocin fasinja. A cikin wani sabon tsari na sanarwa, adadin batirin lithium iron phosphate a fannin motocin fasinja ya ƙaru daga ƙasa da kashi 20% a da zuwa kusan kashi 30%.

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan cathode da ake amfani da su don batirin lithium-ion. Yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafi, ƙarancin shan danshi da kuma kyakkyawan aikin zagayowar fitar da caji a ƙarƙashin yanayin caji mai cikakken caji. Shi ne babban abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai na bincike, samarwa da haɓakawa a fannin wutar lantarki da adana makamashi na batirin lithium-ion. Duk da haka, saboda ƙarancin tsarinsa, batirin lithium-ion mai lithium iron phosphate a matsayin abu mai kyau yana da ƙarancin watsawa, jinkirin yaɗuwar lithium ion, da kuma rashin aikin fitarwa a ƙananan zafin jiki. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin nisan motocin farko da aka sanye da batirin lithium iron phosphate, musamman a yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi.

Domin neman nasarar nisan mil na juriya, musamman bayan da manufar tallafin sabbin motocin makamashi ta gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma don nisan mil na juriya na abin hawa, yawan kuzari, amfani da makamashi da sauran fannoni, kodayake batirin lithium iron phosphate ya mamaye kasuwa a baya, batirin lithium mai yawan kuzari ya zama babban abin da ke jan hankalin sabbin motocin fasinjoji. Ana iya gani daga sanarwar da aka fitar kwanan nan cewa duk da cewa adadin batirin lithium iron phosphate a fannin motocin fasinjoji ya karu, adadin batirin lithium ternary har yanzu yana kusan kashi 70%.

02 - aminci shine babban fa'ida

Ana amfani da sinadarin nickel cobalt aluminum ko nickel cobalt manganese a matsayin kayan anode ga batirin lithium na ternary, amma yawan aikin kayan ba wai kawai yana kawo yawan kuzari ba ne, har ma yana kawo babban haɗarin tsaro. Kididdigar da ba ta cika ba ta nuna cewa a shekarar 2019, an ambaci adadin hadurran da suka faru a sabbin motocin makamashi da kansu sau 14 fiye da na shekarar 2018, kuma samfuran kamar Tesla, Weilai, BAIC da Weima sun yi ta haifar da hadurran da suka faru a kansu a jere.

Za a iya gani daga hatsarin cewa wutar ta fi faruwa ne a lokacin caji, ko kuma bayan caji, domin batirin zai tashi a zafin jiki yayin aiki na dogon lokaci. Lokacin da zafin batirin lithium na ternary ya wuce 200 ° C, kayan da ke da kyau suna da sauƙin ruɓewa, kuma amsawar iskar shaka yana haifar da saurin gudu da ƙonewa mai ƙarfi. Tsarin olivine na lithium iron phosphate yana kawo kwanciyar hankali mai zafi, kuma zafinsa na gudu yana kaiwa 800 ° C, da ƙarancin samar da iskar gas, don haka ya fi aminci. Wannan kuma shine dalilin da ya sa, bisa la'akari da aminci, sabbin motocin makamashi gabaɗaya suna amfani da batirin lithium iron phosphate, yayin da sabbin motocin makamashi masu amfani da batirin lithium na ternary ba za su iya shiga cikin jerin sabbin motocin makamashi don haɓakawa da amfani ba.

Kwanan nan, motoci biyu masu amfani da wutar lantarki na Changan Auchan sun yi amfani da batirin lithium iron phosphate, wanda ya bambanta da kamfanonin motocin da ke mai da hankali kan motoci. Samfuran Changan Auchan guda biyu sune SUV da MPV. Xiong zewei, mataimakin babban manaja na Cibiyar Bincike ta Chang'an Auchan, ya shaida wa wakilin jaridar cewa: "Wannan yana nuna cewa Auchan ya shiga zamanin wutar lantarki a hukumance bayan shekaru biyu na ƙoƙari."

Dangane da dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da batirin lithium iron phosphate, Xiong ya ce amincin sabbin motocin makamashi koyaushe yana ɗaya daga cikin "matsalolin" masu amfani, kuma mafi damuwa ga kamfanoni. Dangane da wannan, fakitin batirin lithium iron phosphate da sabuwar motar ke ɗauke da shi ya kammala gwajin iyaka na gasa harshen wuta sama da 1300 ° C, - 20 ° C a yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi, 3.5% na maganin gishiri a tsaye, tasirin matsin lamba na waje na 11 kN, da sauransu, kuma ya cimma mafita ta aminci ga batirin "ba tsoro" na "ba tsoron zafi, ba tsoron sanyi, ba tsoron ruwa, ba tsoron tasiri".

A cewar rahotanni, Changan Auchan x7ev yana da injin maganadisu na dindindin mai ƙarfin 150KW, tare da ƙarfin juriya fiye da kilomita 405 da kuma batirin da ke da tsawon rai mai tsawon 3000 na caji mai zagaye. A yanayin zafi na yau da kullun, rabin sa'a ne kawai ake ɗauka don ƙara tsawon juriya na fiye da kilomita 300. "A gaskiya ma, saboda wanzuwar tsarin dawo da makamashin birki, ƙarfin motar zai iya kaiwa kimanin kilomita 420 a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na birane." Xiong ya ƙara da cewa.

A bisa sabon shirin haɓaka masana'antar kera motoci masu amfani da makamashi (2021-2035) (Daftarin sharhi) da Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Bayanai ta fitar, sabbin sayar da motocin makamashi zai kai kimanin kashi 25% nan da shekarar 2025. Ana iya ganin cewa adadin sabbin motocin makamashi zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa a nan gaba. A wannan yanayin, ciki har da Chang'an Automobile, kamfanonin kera motoci masu zaman kansu na gargajiya suna hanzarta tsara kasuwar sabbin motocin makamashi.